You may be familiar with the 5W1H, which is Who, What, When, Where, Why, and How. This is the very basic of questioning.
Who = 誰 (shei | ㄕㄟˊ)
What = 什麼 (she me | ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ)
When = 什麼時候 (sheme shihou | ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ ㄕˊ ㄏㄡˋ)
Where = 在哪裡? (zai na li? | ㄗㄞˋ ㄋㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ?)
Why = 為什麼 (wei she me | ㄨㄟˋ ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ)
How = 怎麼 (zen me | ㄗㄣˇ ㄇㄜ)
Which = 哪一個? (na yi ge ? | ㄋㄚˇ 一 ㄍㄜˋ ?)
That for the basic. Now let's put it into sentence.
who is he/ she? = 他是誰? (ta shi shei | ㄊㄚ ㄕˋ ㄕㄟˊ?)
who are they? = 他們是誰? (tamen shi shei | ㄊㄚ ㄇㄣ ㄕˋ ㄕㄟˊ?)
Note. 他 (ta | ㄊㄚ) means "he/ she/ it" (singular). While for the plural form which is "they", just add 們 (men | ㄇㄣ). So it becomes 他們 (ta men | ㄊㄚ ㄇㄣ).
what is that? = 那是什麼? (na shi sheme? | ㄋㄚˋ ㄕˋ ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ?)
what is this? = 這是什麼? (zhe shi sheme? | ㄓㄜˋ ㄕˋ ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ?)
* that = 那 (na | ㄋㄚˋ) this = 這 (zhe | ㄓㄜˋ)
when to go? = 什麼時候去? (sheme shihou qu? | ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ ㄕˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄑㄩˋ)
when to go to ___? = 什麼時候去 ___? (sheme shihou qu ___? | ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ ㄕˊ ㄏㄡˋ ㄑㄩˋ ___)
where is ___ = ___ 在哪裡? (___ zai na li? | ___ ㄗㄞˋ ㄋㄚˇ ㄌㄧˇ?)
which one is yours? = 哪一個是你的? (na yi ge shi ni de? | ㄋㄚˇ 一 ㄍㄜˋ ㄕˋ ㄋㄧˇ ㄉㄜ?)
why to go there? = 為什麼去那邊? (weisheme qu na bian? | ㄨㄟˋ ㄕㄜˊ ㄇㄜ ㄑㄩˋ ㄋㄚˋ ㄅㄧㄢ?)
how to go? = 怎麼去? (zenme qu? | ㄗㄣˇ ㄇㄜ ㄑㄩˋ?)
how to go to ___? = 怎麼去 ___? (zenme qu ___? | ㄗㄣˇ ㄇㄜ ㄑㄩˋ ___?)
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